Herbs that can be used as a rubefacient

Garlic is believed to have rubefacient properties. When applied topically, it can produce a warming sensation and cause redness or irritation of the skin. It contains allicin which can increase blood flow to the affected area, reduce inflammation, and promote healing. It can be used as a rubefacient by crushing a few garlic cloves and mixing them with carrier oil such as olive oil or coconut oil. The mixture can then be applied topically to the affected area and left on for several minutes before washing off with water.

Cayenne pepper is a commonly used natural rubefacient. Capsaicin, one of its active components, is what gives it its warming and stinging effects on the skin. Cayenne pepper is a potent natural pain reliever that works by reducing inflammation and boosting blood flow to the painful area when applied topically. It also inhibits the release of substance P (a neuropeptide) which helps in mitigating the pain signals, thereby reducing pain sensation.

Mustard seeds have been used for centuries as a natural rubefacient and have been shown to have warming and stimulating effects on the skin. They contain a compound called allyl isothiocyanate, which is responsible for their rubefacient properties. When applied topically, mustard seeds can increase blood flow to the affected area, reduce inflammation, and help to alleviate pain. When the seeds are crushed or ground, the allyl isothiocyanate is released and can stimulate the skin's nerve endings, causing a warming sensation.